FOOD HISTORY TIMELINE
1850 to 1859 - Next
1850 The first commercial chewing gum is introduced, State of Maine Spruce Gum
1850 Cesar Ritz was born in Niederwald, Switzerland. He managed the Grand Hotel in Monte Carlo and the Grand Hotel in Lucerne, Switzerland. He also worked with Escoffier at the Savoy and Carlton in London. In 1898 he opened the first hotel with his name, The Ritz Hotel in Paris. His name and his hotels became synonymous with the luxury.
1850 William Prout died. An English chemist, he was the first to classify food components into 3 main divisions - carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
1850 Sir Thomas Johnston Lipton, grocer and tea merchant, was born.
1850 The U.S. population is 21,191,786. Farm population is about 11,680,000 and farmers are about 64% of the labor force.
1850 There are about 1,449,000 farms in the U.S., averaging 203 acres.
1850 Lafcadio Hearn was born. (Patricio Lafcadio Tessima Hearn). A writer, translator and teacher, he wrote 'La Cuisine Creole,' the first Creole cookbook.
1850 U.S. president Zachary Taylor died. He supposedly developed peritonitis after eating too much of a new dessert treat, strawberry ice cream, at a 4th of July celebration.
1850 The first demonstration of a refrigerated ice-making machine. Dr John Gorrie received a patent for the machine on May 6, 1851.
1850 Henry-Rene-Albert-Guy de Maupassant was born. Among the subjects of his short stories are many about the fashionable life of Paris.
1850 Honore de Balzac Died. French author. Balzac would lock himself away during creative bursts, drinking coffee and eating only fruit and eggs. When he finally took a break, he was known to consume huge quantities of food. One report recalls that at the Véry restaurant he consumed at one sitting “a hundred Ostend oysters, twelve cutlets of salt-meadow mutton, a duck with turnips, two partridges and a Normandy sole,” not to mention the desserts, fruit and liqueurs he finished up with.
1850 There were an estimated 20 million head of buffalo sharing the western plains with 50 million open range longhorn cattle.
1851 Dr. John Gorrie of Apalachicola, Florida was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851.
1851 John James Audubon died. Ornithologist, naturalist and artist, known mainly for his paintings and sketches of North American birds.
1851 George Brown Goode was born. Editor of 'The Fisheries and Fisheries Industries of the United States’ while Deputy Commissioner of the U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
1851 London's Great Exhibition opened in Hyde Park. It was the first international exhibition ever to be held. The Exhibition was housed in the Crystal Palace.
1851 John Gorrie patented an ice making machine, the first U.S. patent for a mechanical refrigerator.
1851 Maine is the first state to ban alcohol.
1851 Jacob Fussell, Baltimore dairyman, opens the first commercial ice-cream factory.
1851 The first cheese factory in the U.S. to make cheese from scratch was started in Rome, New York in 1851 by Jesse Williams. He had his own dairy herd and purchased more milk from other local farmers to make his cheese. By combining the milk and making large cheeses he could produce cheese with uniform taste and texture. Before then, companies would buy small batches of home made cheese curd from local farmers to make into cheese, each batch of curds producing cheese with wide differences in taste and texture from one another.
1851 Charles E. Hires was born. Manufacturer and inventor of Hires Root Beer.
1851 Sylvester Graham died in Northampton, Massachusetts. He advocated vegetarianism, temperance and the use of coarse ground whole wheat (graham) flour. He developed the Graham cracker in 1829.
1851 The first edition of the New York Times was published.
1851 William Hesketh Lever, first Viscount Leverhulme, was born. British entrepreneur who founded Lever Brothers, the soap and detergent manufacturer.
1851 Herman Melville's novel 'Moby Dick' was published. Captain Ahab's search for the white whale.
1851 Melvil Dewey was born. He created the Dewey Decimal Classification system for cataloging library books.
1851 Asa Griggs Candler was born. In 1887, Asa Candler (1851-1929) a wholesale druggist, purchased the formula for Coca-Cola from John S. Pemberton an Atlanta pharmacist for $ 2,300. He sold the company in 1919 for $25 million.
1851 Dr. John Gorrie of Apalachicola, Florida invented mechanical refrigeration in 1851. Pioneer in mechanical refrigeration. He was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851.
1852 A 446 pound baron of beef was served to Queen Victoria and the royal family.
1852 The Chicago Union Stock Yards opened.
1852 The first public lavatory opened for business in London.
1852 John Harvey Kellogg was born. A surgeon, vegetarian and health food pioneer, while superintendent at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, he developed the first breakfast cereals for his patients, Granose (flaked wheat) and toasted corn flakes. His brother, William K. Kellogg founded the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co. to produce cornflakes for sale to the public.
1852 Andrew Jackson Downing died. An American horticulturist, he was the author of 'The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America' (1845) and editor of the 'Horticulturist' periodical.
1853 Self rising flour was supposedly invented by Henry Jones of Bristol.(Dates vary, 1845, 1852 and 1853).
1853 Gail Borden applied for a patent for condensed milk.
1853 The month and day are uncertain, but the year is correct. Native American Chef George Crum invented potato chips at Moon's Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York.
1853 A New Years Eve dinner party for 21 scientists was held inside a life size model of an Iguanodon dinosaur on the grounds of the Crystal palace in London. Sculpture Benjamin W. Hawkins had teamed up with paleontologist Richard Owen to create more than 2 dozen lifesize models of dinosaurs for a special exhibit.
1854 Coffee County, Georgia was founded.
1854 New York became the first state to fund a study of insects harmful to plants.
1854 Asa Fitch was appointed as New York state entomologist, the first such in the U.S. He studied insects and their effects on agricultural crops.
1854 C. W. Post (Charles William) was born. He founded the Postum Cereal Co. in 1895 (renamed General Foods Corp. in 1922) to manufacture Postum cereal beverage; 1897 Grape Nuts, 1904 Post Toasties (originally called Elijah's Mana).
1854 Paul Sabatier was born. Organic chemist who researched catalytic organic synthesis. The margarine, oil hydrogenation and methanol industries grew out of his research.
1854 Aaron Allen patented a folding chair. Setting up for banquets becomes a whole lot easier.
1855 William S. Burroughs was born. An American inventor, Burroughs invented and manufactured the first adding machine with a printer.
1855 Bread Riots in Liverpool.
1855 Congress authorized $30,000 to purchase dromedaries (camels) for the military to use in the Southwest.
1855 John Gates was born. Gates was an inventor, promoter and barbed wire manufacturer.
1855 John Gorrie Died. Gorrie was granted the first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration in 1851.
1855 Clinton Hart Merriam was born. A biologist, he studied the effects of using birds to control agricultural pests. He also helped found the National Geographic Society.
1855 Henri Babinski was Born. Nicknamed Ali-Bab, he was a well traveled engineer who collected recipes and cooked for his companions on his travels around the world. He published Gastronomie pratique (Practical Gastronomy) in 1907.
1856 Charles Luttwedge Dodgson met a little girl named Alice Liddell. Alice had a penchant for consuming unknown (and apparently psychoactive) food, pills and liquids that she found while exploring a very large rabbit hole. * You might know the two people better by their pen and fictional names, Lewis Carroll and Alice in Wonderland.
1856 A shipment of 33 camels arrived at the Texas port of Indianola. They had been purchased on the North African Coast, for the U.S. army to use in the deserts of the Southwest.
1856 The first Vegetarian Community was established in Kansas.
1856 George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright, was born. You will find many food related quotes from his works on the Food Reference website. Quote: "There is no love sincerer than the love of food."
1856 James Buchanan ('Diamond Jim') Brady is born. American financier and philanthropist Diamond Jim Brady was known for his collection of diamond jewelry, and for his gargantuan appetite. He was known to eat 6 or 7 giant lobsters, dozens of oysters, clams and crabs, 2 ducks, steak and desserts at a single sitting. He would also mix a pound of caviar into a baked potato. George Rector, a New York restaurateur said he was 'the best twenty-five customers I ever had.'
1856 Gail Borden was granted a patent for a process to make condensed milk, which he developed in 1853.
1856 Charles Dickens wrote in 'Household Words,' "Aluminium may probably send tin to the right about face, drive copper saucepans into penal servitude, and blow up German-silver sky high into nothing." He was pretty accurate in his prediction, even though aluminum had been discovered in 1808, and had only been used commercially since 1854.
1857 H.N. Wadsworth received the first American toothbrush patent.
1857 A cold front barrels over the U.S. and on April 7 snow falls in every state in the country.
1857 First successful milk condensery was built by Gail Borden in Burrville, Connecticut.
1857 Emile Coue was born. A French pharmacist, he was an advocate of autosuggestion. He suggested repeating the following sentence 15 to 20 times in the morning and evening: "Every day, and in every way, I am becoming better and better."
1857 Fannie Merritt Farmer was born. American culinary authority, and author of the 1896 edition of 'The Boston Cooking School Cook Book' which became known in future editions as the 'Fannie Farmer Cook Book.' Director of the Boston Cooking School, and founder of Miss Farmer's School of Cookery. She is often cited as the first cookbook author to introduce standard measurements.
1857 Frederick Louis Maytag was born. One of the founders of a farm implement company in Newton, Iowa. In 1907 the company began producing the Maytag washing machine to make up for the seasonal nature of the farm equipment sales. Fred Maytag II began making Maytag Blue Cheese in the 1940s.
1857 Milton Snaveley Hershey of chocolate fame was born.
1857 The first issue of the Atlantic Monthly was published. It contained the first installment of Oliver Wendell Holmes' 'The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table.'
1858 Elizabeth Gertrude Knight Britton was born. An American botanist, her efforts were a major factor in the establishment of the New York Botanical Gardens.
1858 Edwin T. Holmes sells the first electric burglar alarm in the U.S., in Boston, Massachusetts. His workshop was later used by Alexander Graham Bell.
1858 Liberty Hyde Bailey was born. He was a world famous American botanist who studied cultivated plants. He was dean of Horticulture at Cornell University for 15 years.
1858 Hyman Lipman patented the first pencil with an eraser attached.
1858 W. Atlee Burpee was born. Founder of the world's largest mail-order seed company in 1876.
1858 Alexis Benoit Soyer died. French chef and author. Chef of the London Reform Club. He opened kitchens in Ireland during the famine to sell food at 1/2 price and was an advisor on food to the British army during the Crimean War. Invented several stoves and kitchen utensils. Wrote 'The Pantropheon; or, History of Food' (1853), 'A Shilling Cookery Book for the People' (1854), Soyer's Charitable Cookery (1847).
1858 Christiaan Eijkman was born. A Dutch physician who discovered that beriberi was caused by a poor diet (a lack of vitamin B1), which eventually led to the discovery of vitamins.
1858 'Ten Nights in a Barroom,' a melodrama about the evils of drink, opened at the National Theater in New York City.
1858 John Landis Mason patented the Mason Jar.
1859 U.S. agricultural exports were about $189 million a year during the 1850s.
1859 Ginseng Rush: during one week, about 12,000 pounds of ginseng were exported through Faribault, Minnesota.
1859 Massachusetts created the first Inspector of Milk position in the U.S.
1859 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle was born. Creator of Sherlock Holmes. Holmes would go for days without food while working on a case.
1859 Walter Hunt died. Hunt invented the first safety pin ('dress pin') in 1849.
1859 William Goodale of Massachusetts patented a paper bag manufacturing machine.
1859 In the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City, the first elevator in an American hotel began operation.
1859 Thomas Nuttall died. English naturalist and botanist. He collected and studied plants around the Chesapeake Bay area in the U.S.
1859 George B. Simpson patented the electric range.
1859 'The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection' was published in England.
1859 James and E. P. Monroe were issued a patent for an eggbeater
1859 Battle Creek, Michigan was incorporated as a city. The Breakfast Cereal center of the world (Kellogg, Post and Ralston Purina are all there).
1859 Eliza Acton died: She wrote the first cookbook for the housewife, rather than for the professional chef.
1859 Ferdinand Carre invented the ammonia vapor-compression system for refrigeration, which became the most widely used. Vapor compression is still the system most used today.
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