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The type of food a chicken eats largely determines the color of the egg yolk. Yellow orange plant pigments called xanthophylls found in chicken feed determine the yolk color. Yellow corn mash and alfalfa meal will produce medium yellow egg yolks. Wheat or barley produce lighter colored yolks. Bright yellow marigold petals added to feed will enhance the color of the yolk. A white cornmeal diet will produce egg yolks that are almost colorless.