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FOOD FOR THOUGHT - Jan 25, 2006
Mark R. Vogel - Epicure1@optonline.net - Archive of other articles by Mark Vogel
Marinades & Rubs
(Recipes Below)
Summer’s almost here and that means barbequing. Well, actually, barbequing is NOT what millions of Americans do with their charcoal and propane grills in their backyard. That’s grilling. Real barbequing is cooking food with indirect heat and smoke but that’s another article. In any event, many foods are pre-seasoned prior to being grilled. This is almost always accomplished with a marinade or a dry rub.
Marinades are seasoned liquids within which food is submerged. Marinades are utilized as a flavoring agent and are thought to act as a tenderizer as well. I say “thought to act as a tenderizer” because there’s only a kernel of truth to that belief. A marinade will only have a tenderizing effect if it contains an acid, (which most do), but even then, the effect is limited. The acid in a marinade, be it wine, vinegar, citrus juices, etc., will break down the surface proteins on a piece of meat to some degree. However, even with extended resting time, the penetration of the marinade is not that deep, the exclusion being fish which we’ll get to shortly. In fact, it has been reported that marinades only infiltrate three sixteenths of an inch beneath the food’s surface! Nevertheless, because there is some degree of tenderizing marinades are preferred for tougher cuts of beef such as London broil and skirt, hanger, flank and chuck steaks. However, marinades can be used for all kinds of foods.
A typical marinade recipe, and this is by no means cast in stone, includes some kind of oil, an acid, other flavorful fluids, (hot sauce, Worcestershire sauce, soy sauce, etc.), aromatics, (garlic, onion, ginger, etc.), and any of numerous spices. The specific ingredients may represent a particular culinary style. For example, a southwestern marinade might contain chile oil, chile powder, lime juice, and cumin. An Asian marinade could employ sesame oil, ginger, and five spice powder. Marinades are also tailored to the type of food being marinated. Beef usually demands heartier fluids and spices while fish requires more delicate ingredients.
Make enough marinade to completely cover the food. If not you will need to flip it every so often to ensure uniform coverage. Use a non reactive container, (to prevent the acids in the marinade from chemically reacting with the metal), or better yet, a large, sealable, plastic bag. Refrigerate the food while marinating to inhibit bacterial growth. And speaking of our microbial friends, if you plan to use the marinade for a sauce later, you must thoroughly boil it.
Chicken, beef, pork, and lamb should be marinated for at least a few hours but can be left overnight. Do not go beyond 24 hours or the acid can do a number on the surface. Fish should not be marinated more than thirty minutes. Any acid in the marinade can make mince meat out of a fish’s supple flesh.
Dry rubs are just that: a mixture of dry ingredients; a hodgepodge of spices that are sometimes orchestrated, (like some marinades), according to a type of cuisine, but often are simply based on the individual cook’s tastes. I use a combo of salt, pepper, paprika, cayenne pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, and thyme as my basic dry rub. Dry rubs are more likely to be employed for tender cuts of meat, i.e., rib and strip steaks, beef, pork and lamb tenderloin, etc., but again, they can be used on virtually all foods. Like a marinade, food can rest with the dry rub on it for hours or overnight. However, I don’t find a tremendous difference between a few hours and 10 minutes. If a liquid marinade barely penetrates the meat’s surface, how much can a powder? Simply coat the entire food evenly with the rub, let it rest for a while and proceed with the cooking. I recommend lightly brushing the food with oil first. Fat helps carry flavor and facilitates the sticking of the dry rub.
RECIPES
MEDITERRANEAN MARINADE
The below marinade is a distinct Mediterranean marinade minus the soy sauce. I like the taste of the soy sauce but feel free to leave it out and simply add more salt. I particularly like this marinade for grilled vegetables and chicken although it would work well for lamb, sans the soy sauce.
1 pint olive oil
6 oz. soy sauce
Juice of 2 lemons
4 cloves garlic, minced
1 teaspoon chopped rosemary
Half teaspoon coriander seeds, ground
Half teaspoon fennel seeds, ground
Half teaspoon onion powder
Salt and pepper to taste
Measure the coriander and fennel seeds first and then grind them. If your coriander and fennel is already ground, use a little less than a half teaspoon.
POBLANO PEPPER MARINADE
I like this one for beef and pork, done spicy and Latin style.
1 cup water
One third cup white wine vinegar
Two poblano peppers, chopped
Three oz. onion, chopped
Two cloves garlic, chopped
One teaspoon cumin
One teaspoon coriander
One teaspoon salt
Half teaspoon black pepper
Small batch of cilantro, chopped
Combine all of the ingredients except the cilantro in a saucepan. Bring to a boil and then simmer for eight minutes. Puree in a blender. Chop the cilantro by hand and add it to the puree. Place in fridge until it reaches room temperature and add the meat.
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